M

Magnetic Currents

Swirling energies in the Earth's magnetic field form currents that flow in patterns between particular focal points on the planet's surface, rather reminiscent of a circuit board, or power grid. These currents are affected by planetary aspects, cosmic radiation, solar wind, and similar forces such as solar flares, but can be harnessed and controlled through an understanding of their nature. Ancient, prehistoric civilisations were adept at this, as shown through the remnants of their massive geomantic constructions. It can be still observed in the remnant occult architecture of the landscape in China and Britain, among others, for it appears to have been employed on a planetary scale. One still vibrant form of this elder science remains operant today in the practice of Feng Shui. Magnetic currents on Earth are stilled by eclipses, which is one of the reasons so many ancient stone circles and temple buildings were designed in order to calculate them in advance. See Grid.

Magnum Opus

In alchemy, the Great Work, the manufacturing of the Philosopher's Stone.

Major Aspects

Aspects dividing the 360 degrees of the circle of the zodiac by 2 (opposition: 180°); 3 (trine: 120°); 4 (square: 90°); 6 (sextile: 60°). These were defined by Ptolemy, based on Pythagorean numerological and musical theory and are the focal paths of the planetary rays. See Ptolemaic Aspects. See also Minor Aspects and Conjunction.

Malefic

Evil, difficult, stress-inducing.

Malefic Aspects

Major malefic aspects are

1. square (90°)
2. opposition (180°)

Conjunction (0°) can be malefic if planets are themselves malefic or if otherwise badly aspected.

Minor aspects considered malefic are

1. semi-square (45°)
2. sesqui-square (135°)
3. quincunx a.k.a. inconjunct (150°).

There are other problematic aspects, but these are the most widely used and understood. See also Benefic Aspects.

Malefic Planets

see Malefics.

Malefics

Planets generating difficult circumstances: traditionally Mars and Saturn; nowadays Uranus. The Sun is classed as a malefic in Indian (Vedic) astrology and also in Western Astrology when in conjunction (due to phenomenon of combustion — except when cazimi, i.e. in the heart of the Sun). The Dragon's Tail (Moon's south node) is malefic, though a "shadow planet" rather than a real rock. In Indian astrology both the Dragon's Head (Rahu) and Tail (Ketu) are considered serious malefics. The jury is still out on Pluto, but he is most likely malefic. Ceres it seems to me is generally malefic, especially in terms of natural disasters. Modern psychological astrologers deny that any planet be deemed "malefic" (or indeed "benefic"), on the grounds that natural forces should not be value-laden and that all experiences are ultimately beneficial as part of a growth process. Compare Benefics.

Malevolents

Malefics.

Mangal

In Vedic astrology, a name for Mars.

Mangaldosha

See Kujadosha

Mangalik, Mangalik Dosha

Same as Mangaldosha.

Mansions

See Lunar Mansions.

Mantra

Chant or magical incantation of specific Sanskrit sounds or phrases deriving from the Vedas and other Hindu scriptures. This is used in astrology as a remedy either to counteract or to assist planetary influences.

Maraka

In Vedic astrology, a death-dealing planet. Ruler of 2nd or 7th house.

Mars

The planet of action! This masculine planet rules Aries and Scorpio and is exalted in Capricorn. Mars the Warrior is a traditional malefic, tending to create havoc, anger and conflict, particularly with males. However he also stimulates growth and the will to succeed. In Medical Astrology, Mars represents acute conditions. More about Mars.

Masculine & Feminine Planets

Pluto, Uranus, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars and Sun are masculine. Neptune, Venus and Moon are feminine. Mercury is convertible; masculine when with masculine planets and feminine when with feminine. When unaspected its gender is determined by its sign, or whether rising before (masc.) or after (fem.) the Sun. These terms in astrology do not simply relate to the male/female gender of sexuality, for masculine and feminine also express these other polarities:

• active/passive
• positive/negative
• dry/moist
• hot/cold
• light/dark
• yang/yin

The idea of masculinity is traditionally related to dryness and femininity to moisture. According to Ptolemy, Mercury is common rather than convertible, as he produces "the dry and the moist alike". The outer planets (Uranus, Neptune and Pluto) have no traditional gender, so modern astrologers have assigned it. Gender has also been assigned to the major asteroids, Ceres, Vesta, Juno & Pallas Athene (all feminine) mainly on mythological grounds, but also in a questionable effort to right the so-called gender imbalance of traditional astrology. Chiron, however, is considered masculine.

Masculine & Feminine Quarters

Masculine Quarters extend anticlockwise from the cusp of the 10th house to the cusp of the Ascendant and clockwise from the cusp of the 7th to that of the 4th. Feminine Quarters are counted anticlockwise from the cusp of the Ascendant to that of the 4th and clockwise from the cusp of the 10th to that of the 7th.

Masculine & Feminine Signs

Masculine Signs Aries Leo Sagittarius    Gemini Libra Aquarius

Feminine Signs Taurus Virgo Capricorn    Cancer Scorpio Pisces

The ancients considered that masculinity and femininity also alternated according to the sign's position vis-à-vis the ascendant, which is considered masculine.

Matutine

Stars or planets rising before the Sun in the morning. See Vespertine.

MC

Medium Coeli, Latin for mid-heaven.

Mean or Average Daily Motion of Planets

The normal rate of travel of a planet through the zodiac.

Mean Node

See Nodes.

Mean Time

True Local Time.

Medium Coeli (MC)

Mid-heaven, or meridien. The Southern point of the chart.

Melancholic Humour

Corresponding to the Earth Element and according to Culpeper, ruling "the sediment of blood". Ruled by Saturn, it works through the Black Bile. See Humours. More about the Melancholic Humour.

Mercury

A fast moving planet never more than 28° from the Sun, which governs communication and intellectual interaction, travel, sales, teaching, consultants and the like. This planet, neither masculine, nor feminine but convertible, rules Gemini and Virgo and is exalted in Virgo. More about Mercury.

Mercury Retrograde

A brief but generally stressful period during which Mercury's motion through the zodiac appears to be reversed. More about Mercury Retrograde.

Meridien

A great circle projected onto the celestial sphere, which encompasses the north and south points on the horizon and the zenith, which is directly above the observer.

Meridien Distance

Measurement along the celestial equator between any point and the upper or lower meridien. A portion of the semi-arc, usually expressed in degrees of time.

Meteorological Astrology

Weather prediction using astrology, usually as set out in ancient texts, but used by Kepler in predictions. See Astrometeorology.

Meteorology

Modern method of weather prediction.

Metonic Cycle

The 19 year cycle wherein the conjunctions of the Sun and Moon begin to appear progressively in the zodiac in the same places as in the previous cycle. This is the cycle whereby the solar and lunar calendars can be approximately synchronised. Named for Meton of Athens (5th Century BCE), though Homer used it centuries earlier in the Odyssey.

Mid-heaven

Meridien, or MC (Medium Coeli). The point of the chart at which the meridien intercepts the ecliptic. In many house systems (but not all) the MC is also the cusp of the tenth house. More on mid-heaven.

Midnight Mark

Mean local time at birthplace when it is midnight at Greenwich, England.

Midpoint

The exact midpoint between two planets as measured in degrees and minutes of arc around the chart. These are considered to have considerable significance, especially the midpoints between planets in the charts of the parties in a relationship analysis, known as the Composite Chart.

Minor Aspects

Aspects other than the Major Aspects defined by Ptolemy. These were largely defined by Kepler and Lilly, based on harmonic (Kepler) and discordant (Lilly) musical intervals dividing the circle of the zodiac. The main Minor Aspects are semi-sextile (30°); semi-square or octile (45°); sesqui-square (135°); inconjunct or quincunx (150°) though there are quite a few others used by some astrologers, including quintile (72°); bi-quintile (144°); septile (approx 51°26'); nonile (40°) and their subdivisions. See also Major Aspects.

Modality

Quality, or Quadruplicity. Each sign is characterised by the combination of its Quadruplicity or Quality (Cardinal, Fixed, or Mutable) and its Triplicity, or Element (Fire, Earth, Air, or Water).

Moiety

Traditional astrology holds that the orb of a planet is the diameter of an imaginary sphere of light surrounding it. The radius of that sphere is the moiety. The sum of the moieties of any two planets gives the maximum distance that their bodies can be from exact aspect for the aspect to be effective. Used mainly in Horary, this is not to be confused with the "orb of aspect" used in Natal Astrology. See Orb.

Moksha

Liberation, or the state of salvation. According to Hindu teaching, this is the ultimate goal of human life. In Vedic astrology there are a number of chart factors that point to the attainment of moksha.

Mokshakaraka

Ketu, the Dragon's Tail, or south lunar node. In Vedic astrology, Ketu is mokshakaraka ("liberation indicator").

Monomoiriai

Hellenistic name for the zodiacal degrees, each of which has been given a specific meaning.

Month

The time taken for the Moon to complete one full orbit of the Earth, some 29 and a half days (see Lunation). However, the motion of the Moon in its orbit is very complicated and its period is not constant. There are a number of different kinds of month used in astronomy, astrology and calendrics:

1. Sidereal Month: the time it takes the Moon to return to the same position on the celestial sphere among the fixed stars (Latin: sidus): 27.321661 days (27 d 7 h 43 min 11.5 s) or 27 ¹/₃ days. This type appeared among cultures in the Middle East, India, and China as they divided the sky in 27 or 28 lunar mansions, characterized by asterisms, one for each day the Moon follows its track among the stars.
2. Tropical Month: the time taken with regard to the vernal equinox. Because of precession, this point moves back slowly along the ecliptic. It takes the Moon less time to return to an ecliptic longitude of zero than to the same point amidst the fixed stars: 27.321582 days (27 d 7 h 43 min 4.7 s). This slightly shorter period is known as the tropical month.
3. Anomalistic Month: the Moon's orbit is an ellipse rather than a circle, but its orientation and shape are not fixed. In particular, the position of the extreme points (the line of the apsides: perigee and apogee), makes a full circle (lunar precession) in about nine years. It takes the Moon longer to return to the same apsis because it moved ahead during one revolution. This longer period is called the anomalistic month, and has an average length of 27.554551 days (27 d 13 h 18 min 33.2 s), or about 27½ days.
4. Draconic Month: the plane of the Moon's orbit is tilted by approx 5° with respect to the plane of the ecliptic. The line of intersection of these planes defines the ascending and descending nodes. The plane of the Moon's orbit precesses over a full circle in about 18.6 years, so the nodes move backwards over the ecliptic with the same period. Hence the time it takes the Moon to return to the same node is again shorter than a sidereal month: this is called the draconic, nodical, or draconitic month. It lasts 27.212220 days (27 d 5 h 5 min 35.8 s), or about 27 1/5 days. It is important for predicting eclipses: these take place when the Sun, Earth and Moon are on a line. The three bodies are only on a line when the Moon is on the ecliptic, i.e. when it is at one of the nodes. The "draconic" month refers to the mythological dragon that lives in the nodes and regularly eats the Sun or Moon during an eclipse.
5. Synodic Month: Moon phases occur because we see the part of the Moon that is illuminated by the Sun from different angles as the Moon traverses its orbit. Because the Earth orbits the Sun, it takes the Moon extra time (after completing a sidereal month, i.e. a full circle) to catch up and return to the same position with respect to the Sun. This longer period is called the synodic month. Because of the perturbations of the orbits of the Earth and Moon, the actual time between lunations may range from about 29.27 to about 29.83 days. The long-term average duration is 29.530588 days (29 d 12 h 44 min 2.8 s), or about 29½ days.
6. Calendar Month: Divisions of the solar year (approx 365.25 days) of either of 30 or 31 days in the Western Gregorian Calendar, excepting February which is normally 28 days, with an extra day added every leap year (to balance the account for the extra four quarters of a day).

Moon

The Earth's sole natural satellite. The Moon is classed as a planet ("wanderer") in astrology and represents matters to do with women, the mother, the public, the emotions, habit patterns and so on. A feminine planet, she rules Cancer and is exalted in Taurus. Several other planets have recently been determined by astronomers to have moons, but these are not generally considered in astrology. More about the Moon.

Moon Phases

1. New Moon: dark phase at the beginning of the lunar month, when the Sun and Moon are in conjunction. A time for formulation and planning. The arc of aspect from Moon to Sun is between 0° and 45°
2. Crescent Moon: waxing between new and first quarter. A time for setting things in motion. The arc of aspect is between 45° and 90°
3. First Quarter: when the Moon is half light and half dark. A time for focused, forceful activity. The arc of aspect is between 90° and 135°
4. Gibbous Moon: when the Moon is waxing towards the Full, with more than half of its surface visible. A time for overcoming obstacles. The arc of aspect is between 135° and 180°
5. Full Moon: bright phase when the Moon is has all or nearly all of its surface visible. A time for fulfilment, when plans succeed or fail. The arc of aspect is between 180° and 225°
6. Disseminating Moon: when the Moon is waning but still has more than half of its surface visible. Also known as a Waning Gibbous, it is a time of bearing fruit and participating with others, or dropping failed plans and making a new start at the coming New Moon. The arc of aspect is between 225° and 270°
7. Third Quarter: when the Moon is rapidly waning towards the New. A time to move beyond the past and start working in earnest towards the activation of the New Moon. The arc of aspect is between 270° and 315°
8. Balsamic Moon: when the Moon diminishes from a sliver to the darkness of the New Moon. A time of completion, inward-looking, yet of planning for the next phase. The arc of aspect is between 315° and 360°

More on Moon Phases.

Moon Ruler

Planetary ruler of the Moon Sign.

Moon Sign

The Moon Sign is the sign through which the Moon is passing at a given moment, such as the moment of birth. It is particularly significant in Jyotish, or Indian (Vedic) Astrology.

Moon's Nodes

Shadow planets. See Nodes

Moon Wobble

Regular periods of stress, confusion, extreme weather and loss of life, discovered by astrologer/mathematician Carl Payne Tobey in the mid-20th Century. Occurs every 86.5 days on average, with an orb of approx. 5 degrees (days) on either side of the precise date, when the Sun forms either the T-square with the Lunar Nodes, or the conjunction with the North or South Nodes. Eclipses therefore also mark Moon Wobbles. More about Moon Wobble.

Moveable Signs

Cardinal Signs, Aries, Cancer, Libra, Capricorn. Called moveable because they mark the changes of the seasons and the weather. See Cardinal Signs

Mundane Aspect

Aspect calculated via the rotation of the Earth, rather than position in the zodiac, "reckoned along the Equator and measured in subdivisions of the nocturnal or diurnal semi-arc. For example: Any two planets that have a separation of two houses are in mundane Sextile; of four houses, in mundane Trine. Thus it is possible for two planets to be simultaneously in the mutual relationship of a mundane Trine and a zodiacal Square. Mundane aspects can be computed only on a map erected for a birth moment." [source: Nicholas DeVore, Encyclopedia of Astrology].

Mundane Astrology

From Latin Mundus, the world. Deals with Ingresses, Lunations, Eclipses, Great Conjunctions or Comets as indicators of conditions affecting nations, states, or communities. Probably the most ancient form of astrology, it also associates natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions etc with astrological phenomena. See also Meteorological Astrology.

Mundane Parallel

Equal distance of two planets from any angle.

Music of the Spheres

Ancient astronomers held that the Earth was the centre of the universe and that the planets and stars occupied positions in a series of concentric, crystal spheres surrounding the Earth. Each sphere corresponded to a note in the musical scale. The spheres rotated and the subtle sound generated was called the Music of the Spheres, a subtle, cosmic sound current that permeates existence. By attuning to the music of the spheres one could place oneself into harmony with the cosmos. The music of the spheres is more than a beautiful poetic intuition. The dynamics of the solar system, first laid bare by Kepler's mathematical genius, are directly analogous to the laws of musical harmony. Interestingly, modern scientists have determined that planets broadcast unique radio signal patterns, which when translated into audible frequencies, make good listening. Thus planets could be said to "sing". Click to listen to the "Sounds of Saturn".

Mutable Signs

Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, Pisces.

Mute Signs

Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces. According to Lilly, these are "Mute Signs or of slow Voice, the more if Mercury be in any of them, in Conjunction, Square, or Opposition of Saturn".

Mutual Disposition

See Dispositor.

Mutual Reception

See Reception.

Mystic Rectangle

A configuration formed by at least four planets, comprising two trines and two sextile aspects with oppositions forming from all four corners of the configuration.